Teenage Pregnancy A Serious Problem - 1690 Words

Teenage pregnancy is widely viewed in our society as a serious problem. According to Pregnant Teen Help, over 750,000 teenagers will get pregnant each year. This is a statistic that has lowered in numbers since the 1990’s mainly due to more teen pregnancy prevention programs in schools and contraceptive availability(). The United States has the highest teen pregnancy rate than any other industrialized country in the world. About a third of these teens abort their pregnancies, 14 percent suffer a miscarriage, and 52 percent take their pregnancy to a full term, 72 percent of these teenagers are out of wedlock (). Many of these teenage girls that become pregnant end up with disastrous results they either leave school altogether or miss an entire year due to the pregnancy, thus graduating a year later. They receive low grades or fail due to excessive absences related to health issues. Once the child is born some teenage mothers do not have time to complete homework assignments bec ause they are too tired after seeing to their child’s needs. Teenage pregnancy is an important social issue because becoming a mother at such a young age, the risk of social and economic disadvantage tends to be greater. The majority of teenage mothers come from very low income families and in the communities in which they live in they are surrounded with weak public school systems and dangerous environments such as drugs, delinquency and gang members. Already coming from a weak background and to thatShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy Causes Serious Physical And Emotional Problems1369 Words   |  6 Pages Teen pregnancy causes serious physical and emotional problems for adolescent mothers, therefore there should be steps taken to prevent such things from happening. I have a close friend who got pregnant at the age of fifteen. It was a mega crisis for her and her baby. It caused a heartbreaking feud between my friend and her parents, as well as her schooling, leading her to drop out of high school. The emotional stress she gained was harming her body. The baby’s father wanted nothing to do with theRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pages11/20/2017 Teen Pregnancy The fearless of all parents who have teenagers is pregnancy. Nowadays, teen pregnancy is a serious problem. Teenage have a lack of skills to handle a pregnancy. So that impact strongly on the future of a young woman. Teen pregnancy is associated with negative consequences for adolescents for three reasons: lack of education, medical complication, uncertainty about the future, and financial difficulties. First, the main causes of teenage pregnancy are the lack of educationRead MoreEssay on The Impact of Teen Pregnancy on the American People832 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of Teen Pregnancy on the American People Although the rate of teenage pregnancy in the United States has been on an overall decline, it remains the highest in the entire world. Teenage pregnancy is obviously still a problem in todays American society with roughly 97 per 1000 women aged 15-19, which rounds up to be roughly one million teenagers, becoming pregnant each year. Interestingly enough, 78% of these pregnancies are unintended. The births of these children are not onlyRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy in City of Los Angeles644 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Teenage Pregnancy 2 Running head: Teenage Pregnancy 1 Teenage Pregnancy in City of Los Angeles Teenage Pregnancy in City of Los Angeles This paper casts light upon the health issues related to teenage pregnancy in the city of Los Angeles. Teenage pregnancy is an important issue as it affects multiple aspects of population growth, women health and economic conditions. Los Angeles is situated in the south of state of California, USA. It enjoys significant portion of eminence when rated inRead MoreThe Responses That Briggs Et Al1743 Words   |  7 Pageset al. (2013) showed that 5% of women said that influences from family or friends was a reason to seek an abortion. This included thinking that a baby would have a negative impact on their family or friends, not wanting others to know about the pregnancy and judge them, and/or peer pressure from friends and family. Briggs et al. (2013) also found women reported not wanting to have to put the baby up for adoption and/or not wanting the baby as a reason for seeking abortion, which was 4% of responsesRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesthe world, the United States has the highest incidence of teen pregnancy. Although there has been a decline in the number of pregnancies among adolescents, teen pregnancy is still a serious health concern that needs continued intervention. It is wid ely agreed upon that becoming pregnant at a young age has negative effects on both mother and baby in many different aspects. What are the reasons for the increased rate of teen pregnancies in the United States despite the health risks, and how can we lowerRead MoreCause and Effect of Teen Pregnancy1043 Words   |  4 Pagesof teen pregnancy Teenagers suffering health problems is high Many teenagers will try to hide the pregnancy from their parents and teachers, in doing this they do not get the initial medical attention required during the first months of pregnancy. It is estimated that 33% of teenage pregnancy fail to receive necessary prenatal care. The lack of prenatal care leads to increased risk of anemia, miscarriage, and high blood pressure to the teenager. Many teenagers will hide their pregnancy becauseRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a huge problem that the United States faces today. Amongst other countries the United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy (Ayadi, Kuo, Adams Gavin, 2010; Minnick Shandler, 2011). In the year 2015 the Center for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) reported that the birth rate was twenty two point three per thousand for young women ages 15-19 (2015). It also stated that of births to single women were to teenage mothers in 2009 (Ayadi et al., 2010). 14 million babiesRead MoreBirth Control Access to Teens1463 Words   |  6 PagesFormal Outline Topic: Birth control access to teenage girls Thesis statement: Although teenage girls are prohibited from purchasing birth control, laws should be implemented to allow access to birth control as a means of managing safer sex, preventing the health risks and guarding them from the cycle of poverty. 1. Reasons for not allowing birth control to be given to teenagers A. It encourages sexual activity (Sex with many partners -promiscuity) B. Abstinence should be promoted Read MoreTeen Pregnancy, Do We Really Know The Facts?1169 Words   |  5 PagesTeen pregnancy, do we really know the facts? Do we even know the common early signs of early pregnancy? Teenagers tend to close themselves off when they find out they are pregnant. Teenagers can not predict what life will be like with a new baby. They will go through several different emotions, exhaustion, and peer pressure-related stress. Teenage mothers are more likely to have lower school achievement and often drop out of school and develop health problems and also face unemployment as young

Critical Thinking Assignment Recruitment Case Study

Critical Thinking Assignment – Recruitment Case Study To hire or not to hire, this is the question many organizations ask themselves when interviewing applicants, especially if the applicants are similar in skill sets and meet all requirements for the position in which they are interviewing for. Imagine doing a mass hiring of approximate 30,000 applicants. Just because you are doing mass hiring, it does mean that you should settle or expect less in an applicant. To ensure that all applications are reviewed, an organization must implement a plan of action to ensure the organization has obtained qualified applicants; furthermore ensuring applicants are looked at equally according to employment laws. Affirmative Action Strategy Various factors could potentially affect not only the number of available applicants, but the quality as well. To ensure employment laws are adhered to, an affirmative strategy is strongly encouraged and would include Executive Order 10925 for Equal Employment Opportunity to include main strategies to protect minority groups, whether it is sex, race, religion, or national origin (Aamodt, 2014). The strategy should also include statics around minority groups that are not represented. An affirmative strategy will protect the organization against potential claims and lawsuits against preferential hiring or targeted recruitment. By organizations implementing a strategy and honoring these laws, it will aid in hire diversified employees forShow MoreRelatedQualitative Research Analysis Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome And Co Existing Psychological Illness1177 Words   |  5 Pages Qualitative Research Critical Appraisal The qualitative research is a subjective approach that used to describe life experiences and give them meaning. 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Ltd: Company Analysis2804 Words   |  12 PagesThere are several areas of interest to be analysed that requires specific attention to assist in commencing an international operation. The five main areas of interest that are analysed covers: the organisational context, the staffing context, recruitment and selection, international compensation and performance management, and continued management and re-entry. Analysing the organisations’ organisational context, covered the international organisational structure and staffing approaches. 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Nursing The Child Client

Questions: 1. From the case study, identify the key issues of concern you have for Lachlan and his family. Explainhow/why you identified these issues/concerns. 2. Develop and discuss the care you would implement/introduce to support Lachlan to manage hischronic condition. 3. Discuss the developmental issues and challenges which Lachlan and his family face, e.g peerpressure, changing dependency relationships, seeking independence, risk taking behaviours. Considering Lachlans developmental age, what communication strategies and specificpractice models might you use when interacting with Lachlan and his family? Remember toconsider his rights and the familys rights, family and child centred care. Answers: 1. Lachlan is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Lachlan age is adolescent and this is most rapid age for growth and development both in terms of physical and psychological aspects. However, in case of Lachlan, his growth may stop due to his disease condition. In such scenario parents, society members and school teachers should force Lachlan to take care of himself. Lachlan is not much worried about his disease and health. Lachlan is more concentrating towards his sports activities and not towards his glucose record maintenance. He skipped to write few of his glucose records during his lunch time. Moreover, Lachlan is skipping his lunch for playing basketball. In the growing age of Lachlan, there should not be much effect on health by skipping one lunch. However, Lachlan case is different. He is suffering through type 1 diabetes mellitus and in this disease condition there is the possibility polyurea and consequent increased thirst, xerostomia and fatigue (Atkinson et al., 2014 ). These conditions may lead to the fall of Lachlan during his sports activities. In such scenario, family members of Lachlan and school teacher should give more attention to the health of Lachlan and convince him to take proper lunch before playing basketball. However, in case of Lachlan it seems, his mother is not giving much attention to his health and she is denying to administer insulin to Lachlan as she hates needles to be used for administration of insulin. His father is also not available on regular basis to administer insulin, as most of the time he is occupied with family business. Lachlan doesnt have enough understanding about the seriousness of the disease and administration of the insulin on the regular basis. Due all these circumstances, there is irregular administration of insulin to Lachlan and control of glucose level is difficult. Lachlan age is very active age and Lachlan is also no different from other same age children. He always tries to compete with his peers in a ll type of activities. However, it is not affordable in his case. It is evident form the case that Lachlan is not getting much attention from society members about his disease care. Lachlan age is very sensitive age and there is possibility that Lachlan may feel detached from society and it may have negative impact on his social and psychological development. Lachlan has to ride his bike for good amount of time for the lengthy distance. However, due to his disease condition he may get fatigued due to continuous bike riding and possibility of fall or accident (Benetos et al., 2013). 2. Most important nursing intervention required Lachlan is to educate him about his disease condition. Nurse should tell him importance of good health for his long term physical and psychological development. Lachlan age is capable of understanding the importance of good health. Nurse should tell him that he should be competitive enough to do all the activities like his peers. To achieve equality with his peers, he should be maintaining his health in good condition. To achieve this good health condition nurse should teach him about proper diet and maintenance of glucose level. Nurse should monitor Lachlan for increase in body weight and development of other disease like celiac disease hypertension, nephropathy, retinopathy, thyroid disease and dyslipidemia. Psychological diseases include delinquent behavior and depression (Franz et al., 2002). Nurse should tell Lachlan to take advantage of his age to control his glucose level. This is the age in which human physiology is most active and with proper medicine and diet he can control his glucose level. As age increases, it would be difficult for him to control his glucose level. Nurse should also educate him about the risk of overuse of medication for the glucose level control. Nurse should tell him that, there would be possibility of hypoglycemia due to the overuse of medication used for glucose control (Svoren et al., 2003). Nurse should educate Lachlan about the different types of insulin formulations available for the glucose control. So that, he can use these different formulations based on his convenience. If there is sudden increase in the glucose level he can use short acting insulin and if his glucose level is slightly higher and he wants to maintain it, he can use long acting insulin preparations. Nurse should advise him to consult physician on the regular basis for the proper administration of the insulin. Based on the level of glucose level, there would be change in the dose of the insulin. Consultation with the physician would be helpful to avoid overuse and underuse of insulin (Murphy, 2003). Nurse should tell him importance of self management of glucose level by using insulin. Nurse should convince him to manage glucose level on his own and to convince this, nurse should give examples of self management of glucose by other patients. To implement, self management of glucose in Lachlan, nurse should teach him glucose measurement technique like use of glucometre and functioning of glucometre. Nurse should also ask him to keep record of glucose measurement at multiple time points in a day and discuss it with the physician. So that, physician can analyze the pattern of his glucose level and amend the treatment strategy accordingly (Kirk and Stegner, 2010). Lachlan is very much interested in sports. However, nurse should advise him not play high energy requirement games, rather he should walk for about half an hour daily to keep proper check on his glucose level (Zisser et al., 2011). Diet is the most important factor for the control of glucose level in the patients with type 1 diabetes. In such scenario, nurse should make proper diet plan for Lachlan so that his glucose level would be in control and at the same time this diet would provide all the required nutrients for his growth. Diet in the adolescent age of Lachlan would have long term effect on his physical growth (Evert et al., 2013). 3. Peer Pressure: Lachlan age is more inclined towards their peers and children in this age would like to spend more time with their peers. However, in case of Lachlan it is not true. Due to type 1 diabetes Lachlan cannot participate in all the activities like his peers. Due to this, he may feel pressure on his own and there is possibility that he may feel isolated from his peers. In such scenario, parents of Lachlan should support him and give him confidence that he can participate in all the activities with his peers, once he recovered from type 1 diabetes (Gilmore and Meersand, 2013 ; Shek et al., 2011). Changing Dependency Relationships: In Lachlan age, children feel independent because they can perform most of their activities independently on their own without help of parents. They are physically and psychologically capable of doing all their activities and at the same time they prefer to spend more time with their peers and share everything with peers. This feeling independence from parents, may lead to disagreement between parents and Lachlan. Lachlan may not obey advice and instructions from his parents because he may feel pressurized due to their advice for maintaining his glucose level. Overall, this may lead to the improper management of Lachlans type 1 diabetes (Gilmore and Meersand, 2013; Shek et al., 2011). Seeking Independence: In adolescent age children become more confident about their all types of activities and try to be independent from their parents. If this independence is for positive activities, it would be fruitful for both Lachlan and his parents. Due to his independence, Lachlans parents may become happy. At the same time, parents should take care that, he should not misuse his independence for wrong activities. Parents should promote his independence in positive direction by giving him assurance that he can take care of his diabetes on his own. In this Lachlan age, may inclined more towards his peers. In such scenario parents should advise him to select his peers very carefully so that he would get good company and utilize his independence for positive outcome (Gilmore and Meersand, 2013; Shek et al., 2011). Risk Taking Behaviors: Male children of Lachlan age are more susceptible to risk taking behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and addictive drugs. All these activities may lead to the inadequate management of diabetes in case of Lachlan. Parents of Lachlan should monitor his risk taking behaviors, so that he would not develop these risk taking behaviors (Gilmore and Meersand, 2013; Shek et al., 2011). 4.Lachlan age is adolescent age and this age is more dynamic age. In this age, there are rapid changes in the physical, psychological and emotional aspects of the Lachlan. Changes in all these parameters may lead to the inadequate management of diabetes in case of Lachlan. In case of physical parameters, there would be change in body weight and parents and nurse should advise him to change dose of insulin in relation to the change in body weight. Also, in his age control of glucose level is achievable with moderate treatment. Hence, nurse should advise parents and Lachlan to consult physician frequently so that there would not be overdose of insulin and consequent hypoglycemia. In this age Lachlan, would like to be independent in all his activities. Parents should exploit his independence positively and give him freedom and confidence to take care of his diabetes on his own. Nurse should make his parents aware of possibility of habitual development of smoking, alcohol consumption and drug addiction. Because all these activities would affect negatively to physical and mental development of Lachlan and also it would negatively affect proper management of diabetes in case of Lachlan (McWhinney and Freeman, 2009). Nurse should advise Lachlans parents that he should not feel socially isolated due to his diabetes. Because social isolation in this age would hinder his mental development. This may lead to the loss of confidence and it may affect his studies and other activities. Nurse should make realize parents that he should not feel mediocre as compared to his peers. This may happen because Lachlan would not be able to perform all the activities like his peers. This isolation can be prevented by maintaining privacy of his diabetes. Adolescent age of Lachlan is preferred to spend more time with his peers. Nurse should advise parents to take advantage of this and ask his peers to monitor his eating habits and exercise, which would be helpful to control his glucose level. Nurse should also advise his parents to take help of his peers for his glucose control (McCarthy and Kushner, 2007). References: Atkinson, M.A., Eisenbarth, G.S., and Michels, A.W. (2014). Type 1 diabetes. Lancet, 383(9911), pp. 6982. Benetos, A., Novella, J., Guerci, B et al., (2013). Pragmatic Diabetes Management in Nursing Homes: Individual Care Plan. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 14(11), pp. 791800. Evert, A.B., Boucher, J.L., Cypress, M., Dunbar, S.A., et al., (2013). Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 36(11), pp. 3821-42. Franz, M.J., Bantle, J.P., Beebe, C.A., Brunzell, J.D., et al., (2002). Evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications. Diabetes Care, 25, pp. 148198. Gilmore, K. J., and Meersand, P. (2013). Normal Child and Adolescent Development: A Psychodynamic Primer. American Psychiatric Publications. Kirk, J.K., and Stegner, J. (2010). Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Practical Aspects. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 4(2), pp. 435439. McCarthy, M. and Kushner, J. (2007). The Everything Parent's Guide To Children With Juvenile Diabetes. Adamas Media. McWhinney, I. R, and Freeman, T. (2009). Textbook of Family Medicine. Oxford University Press. Murphy, N.P., Keane, S.M., Ong, K.K., Ford-Adams, M., Edge, J.A., Acerini, C.L., and Dunger, D.B. (2003). Randomized cross-over trial of insulin glargine plus lispro or NPH insulin plus regular human insulin in adolescents with type 1 diabetes on intensive insulin regimens. Diabetes Care, 26, pp. 799804. Shek, D. T.L., Ma, H. K. and Sun, R.C.F. (2011). A Brief Overview of Adolescent Developmental Problems in Hong Kong. Scientific World Journal. 11, pp. 22432256. Svoren, B.M., Butler, D., Levine, B.S., Anderson, B.J., and Laffel, L.M. (2003). Reducing acute adverse outcomes in youths with type 1 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 112, pp. 914922. Zisser, H., Gong, P., Kelley, C.M., Seidman, J.S., Riddell, M.C. (2011). Exercise and diabetes. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 65(170), pp. 7175.

Organizational Perspectives Human and Financial Resources

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Perspectives for Human and Financial Resources. Answer: Introduction: Although it is a known fact that any organization achieves success or encounters failure, depending on the way it manages its human and financial resources, it is important to note that the management of the former largely depends on what organizational perspective is being adopted by the management authority In simpler terms, the management authority of any company manages, improves or even transforms the operation of its organizations, based on the application of either of the four organizational perspective theories- the modernist theory, the symbolic interpretive theory, the critical theory and the post modernist theory. Each employee working in an organization is compelled indirectly to embrace and imbibe the knowledge created by the organization, regarding what should constitute the duties, obligations or rights of the organization, and the employees, being a part of the system, fail to question the validity of the assumptions, and consequently suffer from social stratification and organizational inequality (Shafritz and Jang 2015). Hence, in the context of the organizational perspectives exhibiting different narratives about the organizational inequality, the following essay intends to discuss and analyze the two organizational perspectives- the critical theory perspective and the symbolic interpretive perspective. Discussion: The Critical Theory of organizational perspective attempts to evaluate as well as challenge and question the commonplace assumptions prevailing and dominating any workplace in todays world. While discussing about the critical theory, it is highly important to refer to the view of ideology as propounded by Karl Marx who indeed had a very remarkable influence on this theory of organizational perspective. According to Marx, in any capitalist market, the bourgeoisie group o people would distort what constitutes reality in order to facilitate their exploitation of the laborers (Hatch and Cunliffe 2013). Thus, the ideology that governs the workplace policies of an organization, is primarily formulated by the higher class, that is the management authority of an organization, who compels the exploited proletariats embrace their socially constructed ideologies to be the ulterior truths and ultimate facts. In the famous article Deconstructing the Privilege and Power of Employee Engagement: Iss ues of Inequality for Management and Human Resource Development, the authors rightly assert how employee engagement becomes the success mantra for the employees, that compels each employee to work with greater dedications, so as to accomplish greater power, and yet the employees fail to realize that the real power belongs to the management authority (Shuck et al. 2016). No wonder, this leads to employee exploitation, and yet the employees are usually so absorbed in their ideological perceptions of what functional roles they should play in the company, that they fail to realize the same. Ontologically speaking, the critical theory emphasizes and reinforces the presence of a reality that exists independent of the knowledge of the employees working in an organization. The authors of the article rightly point out that although employee engagement is an important concept that promotes organizational success, by actively involving the employees, the outcome of the same is not as beneficial as the employees believe them to be (Zelwegger et al. 2013). In other words, any organization can operate its business activities with the equal and same level participation of the employees, with some employees doing manual work, others supervising the same. This is how an organization works in reality. However, epistemologically speaking, a subjective truth exists, that is governed by the ideological perceptions of hard work, higher power and greater personal accomplishment. While different employees have different levels of specialization, and consequently offer service in various professional fields in the company, there is no need to segregate the employees according to power and social status. However, the management authority of an organization purposively separates the employees to keep them engaged. This form of social stratification indeed tempts the employees to work harder, the harder they work the higher they can reach. Even if the pay-scale would not differ to a considerable extent, the employees on being promoted to a higher designation would feel more motivated (Shuck et al. 2016). Thus, although the companys expenditure on the employees is not very likely to increase, it will undoubtedly enhance the participation of the employees by elevating their spirits. The organ ization creates false ideological perceptions of power and superiority of ranks that can be solely accomplished through hard work and longer hours of dedication towards the workplace. The organization creates a system of social stratification, whereby the employees working in higher designations enjoy separate rooms, or respectable titles to be addressed with, and other amenities that ignite the desire among the remaining employees to achieve similar promotion (Hoobler et al. 2014). However, although many employees will work harder, work overtime, not the skills of everyone will be recognized in the process. Though the companys expenditure on the higher salary of the employees remains limited, given that not all the employees are promoted, the organization enjoys an overall increase in the average rate of employee participation and active engagement within the company. The organization stratifies and creates new positions, within the entity, and attaches meanings to each one, such a s higher position implies greater social status and instills greater pride, or commands greater respect. The organizational culture experienced by the employees set standards that in turn offer challenges to the employees, they wish to overcome, while reaching something higher. The Critical theory asserts that even if the truth that the company is ultimately benefitting from the higher rate of employee engagement, is known to the employees, they will keep on toiling to ensure greater power, privilege and security to be enjoyed in future. Unless the organization creates a sense of meaning and purpose to the repetitive work done by an employee, the employee will lose his motivation and purpose at work, and will start questioning over the issues of exploitation of labor- such as low pay-scale or unpaid overtime duties (Gond et al. 2015). Hence, the idea is to create a meaningfulness and attaching a sense of personal accomplishment, This explains why the organization willingly creates a nd encourages employee inequality at workplace, so that the employees ca strive to work with greater productivity and efficiency rate. The company sets standards, creates employee inequality, designs new job designations heightening a sense of hierarchy, and cultivate the ideological perceptions among the people, regarding the importance of achieving greater social status through higher designations. This in turn would inevitably lead to greater dedication, often implying working overtime without additional pay, and the employees would unknowingly participate in their own exploitation. The Symbolist Interpretive perspective is also an important theory that deals with the social construction of reality. As opposed to the aforementioned perspective, that challenges the inherent ideological perceptions building inequality at workplace, the present perspective highlights how the traditional ideas and values of the society indirectly affect how an organization is administered (Rafaeli and Pratt 2013). According to this perspective, commonplace assumptions of social life pervade and dominate the organizational management as well. An entity will fail to look at the objective version of truth, because of the subjective awareness of the facts deemed to be truth by the same. The symbol interpretive perspective believes that any form of truth is highly subjective, and that it varies from person to person, and according to time, place and context. The interpretive as well as the symbolic acts or gestures more than often determine the business administration of an organization, and consequently create inequality (Coutinho 2017). In the article Trapped by Metaphors for Organizations: Thinking and Seeing Womens Equality and Inequality rightly examine how the social perceptions about gender roles, inherent in the society ultimately determines the participation of women in the organizations (Kemp 2016). The occupational inequality as per the sexual identity of the employees has been a common problem in organizations. Max Weber has rightly pointed out that an individual perceives reality in the light of his past experiences, and usually fails to perceive the same, by distancing himself from the traditional perceptions of organizational life. For example, women have always been socially interpreted as beings that are capable of nurturing and caring people, and doing the jobs that involve heart rather than the intellect (Johansson et al. 2016). Consequently, the organizations usually tend to deem women befitting the job roles of a front line executive, customer care executive or a Human Resource expert, while the m anagerial decisions are usually being allowed to be taken by the male employees. Such ideological, biased interpretations of the employee expertise contribute to workplace inequality (Afraz et al. 2015). Epistemologically speaking, the theory upholds that truth in itself is highly subjective and that the interpretation of the truth largely depends on how the meaning of the social discourse is being construed and constructed. The important fact here is that any kind of idea deemed to be true or factual is but only a mere socially constructed thought that needs to be challenged. In case of organizations working under patriarchal setup, will necessarily be prone to promote male employees, even though the female employees possess equal or more expertise, professional skills and knowledge (Kemp 2016). As the article suggests, women have always been metaphorically interpreted to be fragile and creative individuals, who are deemed fit for professions that involve communication, care and creativity. On the other hand, men have been always considered fit for managerial duties, such as administrators and managers or CEOs. As shown in Images of Organization, no matter how much successful and ef fective a business strategy is, if it is formulated by a woman, it will be defined as a daughter strategy that needs to be implemented only after the proper supervision by a male employee. According to the symbolic interpretive perspective theory, the gender stratification exists within an organization only because male supremacy and female socialization permeate the social discourse that gets spread through social interaction. The women have always been socialized to believe that they deserve to be placed in subordinate positions, only to be dominated and guided by some male employee (Newman 2014). The job roles of the males have always been interpreted to be something related to guide, mentor and lead, while that of the female employees have been traditionally conceived to work under supervision and in compliance with the leaders. The symbolic interpretive theory of organizational perspective upholds that the personal point of view of an individual is largely guided and determined by the social forces that has shaped his perception about the world, and that he fails to interrogate or challenge the commonplace perceptions, simply because he interprets the commonplace facts to be real. The women have been historically considered to be docile and fragile individual, who are powerless, and consequently a female employee ended up remaining a second sex, who being the other can never prove to be professionally equivalent to the male counterparts. The male employees have been continuously identified with the images of a Father or a Warrior within the organization, who is expected to participate more actively in the managerial decisions, bring bout drastic change, and ensure the long-term sustenance of the company. It is important to note that even business terms, such as the image of a stag leader, is inherently associated with a male figure, and as for the female ones, there is no word as a doe leader (Basford et al. 2014). Consequently, unlike the male employees, the female employees have little professional choices at workplaces, and they are left with no option but to encounter workplace inequality and to remain content with little or no corporate growth (Zellweger et al. 2013). Conclusion: To conclude, each of the four above-mentioned organizational perspectives has a distinct approach in managing the employees, and cultivating specific organizational cultures. In order to make a systematic sense of the organizational structure and culture, the companies often distort reality to compel employees to work harder and keep them motivated, while sometimes the inherent symbols pervading the social discourse deprives some employees from just privileges. Thus, the companies often adopt organizational perspectives which end up creating workplace inequality. Reference List: Afraz, A., Boyden, E.S. and DiCarlo, J.J., 2015. Optogenetic and pharmacological suppression of spatial clusters of face neurons reveal their causal role in face gender discrimination.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,112(21), pp.6730-6735. Basford, T.E., Offermann, L.R. and Behrend, T.S., 2014. Do you see what I see? Perceptions of gender microaggressions in the workplace.Psychology of Women Quarterly,38(3), pp.340-349. Cornelissen, J.P. and Werner, M.D., 2014. Putting framing in perspective: A review of framing and frame analysis across the management and organizational literature.Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.181-235. Coutinho, A., 2017. Book review: Katja Pelsmaekers, Geert Jacobs and Craig Rollo (eds), Trust and Discourse: Organizational Perspectives. Gond, J.P., Cabantous, L., Harding, N. and Learmonth, M., 2015. What do we mean by performativity in organizational and management theory? The uses and abuses of performativity.International Journal of Management Reviews. Hatch, M.J. and Cunliffe, A.L., 2013.Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Hoobler, J.M., Lemmon, G. and Wayne, S.J., 2014. Womens managerial aspirations an organizational development perspective.Journal of Management,40(3), pp.703-730. Johansson, S. and Arvidson, M., 2016. To fight evil or promote good: Four organizational perspectives on individuals in violent environments and prevention work around them.SOCIOLOGISK FORSKNING,53(4), pp.345-370. Kemp, L.J., 2016. Trappedby metaphors for organizations: Thinking and seeing womens equality and inequality.human relations,69(4), pp.975-1000. Langley, A. and Tsoukas, H. eds., 2016.A process perspective on organizational routines(p. 323). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Newman, C., 2014. Time to address gender discrimination and inequality in the health workforce.Human resources for health,12(1), p.25. Rafaeli, A. and Pratt, M.G., 2013.Artifacts and organizations: Beyond mere symbolism. Psychology Press. Sessa, V.I. and London, M., 2015.Continuous learning in organizations: Individual, group, and organizational perspectives. Psychology Press. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Shuck, B., Collins, J.C., Rocco, T.S. and Diaz, R., 2016. Deconstructing the Privilege and Power of Employee Engagement: Issues of Inequality for Management and Human Resource Development.Human Resource Development Review,15(2), pp.208-229. Zellweger, T.M., Nason, R.S., Nordqvist, M. and Brush, C.G., 2013. Why do family firms strive for nonfinancial goals? An organizational identity perspective.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(2), pp.229-248.

Prisoners with Special Needs

Introduction Prison life is difficult especially for prisoners with special needs. Groups of prisoners with special needs include drugs and substance abusers, the mentally ill, and the handicapped (Easton 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prisoners with Special Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Prisons have become default hospitals for prisoners with special needs. Therefore, federal and state prisons are forced to adjust their programs and develop special facilities in order to address the needs of prisoners with special needs. For example, mentally ill prisoners require specially built facilities while handicapped prisoners need special social amenities that are easy to use (Easton 2011). Prisons spend a lot of money to develop facilities and programs for these prisoners. Special care is provided because failure to do so might lead to deterioration of their conditions, which would compromise order and safety in prisons. Prisoners with special needs affect operations of jail and prison system at all levels significantly. First, prisons at state and federal levels experience serious financial constraints in their efforts to determine and take care of prisoners with special needs (Easton 2011). Secondly, these prisoners require special units and facilities. In most prisons, prisoners with special needs are discriminated and segregated by other prisoners. Therefore, they are housed in different facilities that separate them from other prisoners. In addition, their facilities are specially built to address their problems. For example, at the Albany County jail, a facility for mentally ill prisoners was constructed at a cost of $11 million (Easton 2011). Several programs are developed to help drug abusers cope with their problem. These programs include therapy and individual and group counseling programs. Such programs are expensive and consume a lot of money that can be used to fund development projects undertaken by prisons. Thirdly, taking care of such prisoners is very demanding in terms of the amount and quality of care they need. â€Å"Mentally ill prisoners require constant supervision. This forces corrections officers to keep watch over them during the day and throughout the night† (Samaha 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is very demanding and tiresome and forces state and federal levels to employ many officers to take care of prisoners. Health conditions of prisoners with special needs deteriorate if they are not cared for properly. If their conditions exacerbate, they become a bigger problem because they compromise safety and order in the prison (Samaha 2005). Medical treatment avoids deterioration of the mental conditions of mentally ill prisoners. â€Å"If prisoners with psychiatric disorders are not cared for properly, they gradu ally develop certain functional disabilities that make them a burden to the prison management and the community† (Easton 2011). Therefore, caring for prisoners with special needs is beneficial to prisons, prisoners themselves, and the community. On the other hand, deterioration of the conditions of these prisoners poses a danger to other prisoners and the community. Some prisoners even try to commit suicide when their mental and physical conditions deteriorate. The Maryland Community Criminal Justice Treatment Program (MCCJTP) is a program that offers treatment services to mentally ill prisoners who are jailed and who are on parole or probation (Easton 2011). Characteristics of the program include training of professionals who offer treatment services to prisoners, counseling and crisis intervention services, and identification and treatment of mentally ill prisoners. In addition, the program ensures that mentally ill prisoners are jailed in special units that address their pr oblems and that help to reduce disruption in jails. The program ensures that all inmates are evaluated before imprisonment to ascertain their mental conditions. This is in an effort to ensure that there is no disruption in prisons. The program also ensures that mentally ill prisoners are treated with respect despite their mental conditions. In many prisons, mentally ill prisoners are ill treated by corrections officers. The program ensures that instances of ill treatment do not occur. The program has improved the mental condition of prisoners in all prisons in Maryland since the inception of the program. Prisoners receive medical treatment and are treated with respect by corrections officers (Samaha 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Prisoners with Special Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are able to fit into the community when they are released after serving their sentences. In addition, the prog ram helps these prisoners to secure housing facilities after their release from prison (Easton 2011). The program has helped to reduce discrimination and ill treatment of mentally ill prisoners. Although the program has certain limitations, it has made significant developments in efforts to improve the welfare of mentally ill prisoners. Conclusion Groups of prisoners with special needs require special care in order to address their needs satisfactorily. These groups include the mentally ill, the handicapped, and drugs and substance abusers. Federal and state prisons are forced to develop special programs and facilities in order to accommodate the needs of prisoners with special needs. The main effect of prisoners with special needs on prisons in financial constraints. A lot of money is required to take care of prisoners with special needs. However, most state and federal levels cannot afford the money. This leads to provision of low quality care to prisoners especially the mentally ill. Programs such as MCCJTP have helped to improve the welfare of prisoners with special needs by ensuring that they are treated respectfully despite their conditions. References Easton, S. (2011). Prisoner’s Rights. New York: Taylor Francis. Samaha, J. (2005). Criminal Justice. New York: Cengage Learning. This essay on Prisoners with Special Needs was written and submitted by user Bella M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Bias Influences Critical Thinking Essay Example

How Bias Influences Critical Thinking Essay Example How Bias Influences Critical Thinking Essay How Bias Influences Critical Thinking Essay Essay Topic: Critical Thinking As our American society continues to evolve into a society with a better understanding and acceptance of its peoples differences, however, there are some ideologies and rules put into place that I feel there is no reason to change. For example, I feel that women should not serve on the front lines of combat and continue to operate within the combat supportive roles. As a female Army Veteran of both Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq, allowing women to have their Military Occupation Specialty be apart of the Infantry, Special Forces, Ranger, and Navy Seals, would cause not only a disruption in our relationship with our foreign allies, but also have a negative impact on unit cohesion among our multiple military services. Even though I feel women are able to do the same Job as their male counterparts, however, I have yet to see them do the best above all of them. All military branches have different standards for females and males for valid reasons which include the anatomical makeup of each gender is vastly different. Our military fighting forces would not be equipped to handle the uniqueness of eliminating those guidelines and have everyone on an even playing field. I still remain hopeful that this would not be an issue in the future, but for now, America Just is not ready. Among the many cognitive biases out there that can influence our critical thinking, there are three I identify with and admit played a significant role in my argument regarding this sensitive topic: belief bias, status quo bias, and naive realism. In referring to Chapter 1 of Critical Thinking from our course reading materials this first week, belief bias is defined as the tendency to evaluate seasoning by how believable its conclusion seems and can affect us consciously or unconsciously. Next, is the status quo bias which is defined as the tendency to like things to stay relatively the same (Baron 2000) and is also known as a comfort zone bias. Last, is naive realism and is categorized under to the group known as attribution biases. It is defined as the belief that we see reality as it really is objectively and without bias; that the facts are plain for all to see; that rational people will agree with us; and that those who dont are either uninformed, lazy, irrational, or biased (Wisped 2014). Unconsciously, I allow my own morals, opinions and beliefs in this case, influence my argument on why women should not serve on the front lines. References Baron, J. (2000).

Jazz music concert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jazz music concert - Essay Example Jack Jones jazz band among others. As usual, the weekend of 27th June was no exceptional, Jack Jones band was competing with a new band in town called Ron Carter trio band. Both bands are led by Jack and Carter respectively. Jones performed some of his newly composed music jazz genre, and he tried convince the whole crowd why he wanted his band to be recognised the best band in jazz music. His music was well orchestrated and organised with most of the instrument tuned to their right tune, played in the right keys and rhythm. Indeed Jones band members tried to remain on the right keynotes always throughout the music play. However, there rose a problem when the saxophone player went off key, perhaps it was because of a change of song since it was a three-music nonstop competition.Ron Carter trio band, led by Carter, was as well on its right step to fight for their best position in the whole arena of jazz music. The team was similarly organised with all the instruments arranged in a wel l-choreographed manner to produce the best synchronised music. Their lead soloist was well prepared, and it seemed all went well for the band until some few minute to end when the lead guitar man played an off key note resulting to the presentation to halt for some few minutes to correct the mistake before restarting.In comparing both the presentation, I can start with analysing the first presentation of Jones.It was only interfered with the slight discord that was played by the saxophone player.

Family In Later Life Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Family In Later Life Research Paper - Essay Example Widowhood in the later life leaves the surviving spouse to undergo a normal process from grief to acceptance; the challenges associated with widowhood are likely to open new opportunities for increasing and maintaining social relationships. Widows/Widowers and the Efforts of Overcoming Grief Widows are generally associated with â€Å"isolation, loss and vulnerability† (Walker, 1993, p. 34), especially the post feminism era. With the women almost completely dependent on men, widowhood seems to be the worst thing that can happen to a woman, especially in the presence of young children. However, the changing views of women’s roles in the contemporary society made widowhood less burdensome for the surviving spouse, but contemporary views do not spare widows in the process to acceptance. The first challenge for a widow is coping with grief, where older people are seen to cope better than their younger counterparts (Bryant, 2003). According to Balkwell (1981), there seems to have a reaction pattern following a spouse’s death where initially, surviving partners undergo â€Å"shock or bewilderment...and may refuse to believe that the spouse is dead† (p. 120). ... Bureau of Census (1993) indicated that 80% of women between the ages 65 and 75 are already widowed compared to 39% of widowers in the same age bracket (as cited in Bryant, 2003). The issue of sex or gender related to acceptance of death seems to receive contradictory comments from psychologist through the years. Kail and Cavanaugh (2008) stated that men generally have problems with social relationships after the death of the spouse. Moreover, they were seen to be â€Å"more vulnerable† than women because (1) they are the ones who would initiate dating, â€Å"which is awkward after being married;† (2) retirement and the loss of contact from workmates; (3) there are less widowers in whom they can relate to; and (4) they lack familiarity with the things women do such as house hold chores (Balkwell, 1989, p. 120). On the other hand, women are perceived to be more efficient in coping with widowhood, but it depends on the kind of coping mechanism she uses. Lopata (1973) label ed three types of widows: the modern woman, the lower class urbanite, and the social isolate (as cited in Chambers, 2005). Each of the three types possesses unique qualities in which Lopata (1973) based their names. The modern woman would have to be the most familiar, where the widow is generally passive but is â€Å"willing to re-engage.† Such characteristic is also evident for women who belong to the lower class urbanite only that they generally seek emotional counsel to family and friends, and not from outside peers such as at work. These qualities are the opposite to what â€Å"social isolates† have. As the term suggests, women belonging to this category do not engage with socialization and basically are withdrawn even to people whom they have closer connections (Chambers, 2005, pp. 27-28). In contrast

Rapid-Cycling Populations of Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rapid-Cycling Populations of - Essay Example It has already been established that there is a lot of variation in the attributes that distinguish intraspecific taxa. Another weakness is that despite their importance and diversity, there is little genetic information available on brassicas and radish (Williams & Hill 1386). This is brought about (partially) by the long reproductive cycles (6-12 months or more) for majority of horticultural types. There is a close connection between this paper and my experiment this semester. The connection becomes evident when one reads the sections of the paper that detail the various uses and applications of brassica its related species. Economic uses like the production of edible and industrial oils are an indication of the chemical components of brassica. In addition to this, use of brassica as animal fodder, vegetables, and in the production of condiment mustard is testament to the fact that brassica are made up of minerals and other components which are of nutritional value to both humans and

The Four Main Purposes Of Communication English Language Essay

The Four Main Purposes Of Communication English Language Essay Communication has been defined as the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another through the use of common symbols. Communication can flow upward, downward, and laterally, that is, from subordinates to superiors, from superiors to subordinates and from peer to peer. Most people want to be understood; they want to understand others; and they want to gain acceptance of their ideas. Rarely would a person deliberately not want to be understood; but even so, misunderstandings, incorrect communications, and failure to communicate can create confusion on a regular basis. Good communication is crucial to the success of both the individual and the organization. It doesnt matter how good a worker you are or how much you understand about the business if you cannot communicate properly. Objective 1. List the four main purposes of communication. We want to be understood; we want to understand others; we want to gain acceptance for ourselves and our ideas; and finally, we want to produce action. What does the phrase: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦as soon as you can get to it mean? Does it mean right now or as soon as you finish what you are doing right now or what? If your meaning and the other persons meaning are not the same, you may have the makings of a communications breakdown. Everything we say has at least three messages: What we meant, what we said, what the other person understood. Unfortunately, these three are not always congruent. An accountant made a mistake and he apologized thusly: I read 4, wrote 5, meant 6, and it should have been 7. Objective 2. Describe the six-step communication model and elaborate on each of its points. There are many different models of communication and each has its particular value. The model you have on page 66 of DuBrins book (10th edition) is a good one, but I would like to use another model because it has several things that are really valuable as we look at communication. We will refer back to DuBrins model a little later on. The model I want to present to you has six steps: ideation, encoding, transmission, receiving, decoding, and action. Notice in the comic strip that communications must start with a concept, that is, an idea, thus the term ideation. This first step takes perhaps a fraction of a second; and we can almost ideate and speak at the same time. Ideation requires imagination and experience because the more of each you have, the easier it is to ideate a message. The second step is encoding. This step requires putting the idea into some type of intelligible form so it can be transmitted. Writing a letter, framing a statement in your mind, determining (or even not determining) to communicate non-verbally-all these represent encoding. Consider the importance of education to encoding. Transmission is the third step; and it is the most visible and recognizable aspect of communication. Speaking, writing, and even non-verbal communication are examples of this step. The fourth step is receiving; and it is done by reading the letter, hearing the words, or sensing the non-verbal communication. Decoding, the fifth step, is the counterpart of encoding except that it is done by the receiver. Decoding requires taking intelligence from the message as it is received. This step is responsible for the majority of communications problems. The sixth step is action; if a message is received, then action of one sort or another must follow. Bear in mind that taking no action is one way of acting. M2.1 will help you understand this concept. Objective 3. Identify the different ways of communicating and list their advantages and disadvantages. Lets take the following means of communicating and discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and perhaps some suggestions for improving the communication in each medium. If you have additional contributions, we can discuss those as well. Telephone Written (memo, letter, instructions) Telephone (including voice mail) E-mail Face-to-face Objective 4. Explain the importance of non-verbal communication. Just as regular communication can take a variety of forms, so can non-verbal communication. We can identify several different kinds of non-verbal communication and each one may have some sub-categories. Here are some of the more common types of non-verbal communication: A local radio personality in Tyler, Texas, was hawking a used car lot and his statement was: I bought my last car from them. The obvious interpretation is that the last car he bought was from that dealer. What if he had put increasing emphasis on the last three words? Then it would sound like he would never buy another car from them. There are two main types of non-verbal communication: paralanguage and kinesics. Paralanguage is like language, that is, it communicates something, but not in words. It includes emphasis, vocalization, and pauses (or silence). You already know how adding emphasis to a statement (or parts of a statement) can add urgency to the message or even change the meaning. For example, if someone says, What do you think about it? he is speaking emphatically to you. Vocalization is an audible (or sometimes inaudible) component of a statement that carries meaning. For example, a laugh, a groan, or even clearing the throat can qualify as a vocalization if it carries meaning. A well placed pause can add a great deal to the message, such as when someone says, Im not saying he is dishonest, he is just (pause) creative in his dealings. Can you see the meaning the pause adds? Sometimes a question or a comment can be met with steely silence indicating displeasure with the message: Dad, can I go over to Joes house and smoke some marijuana? Kinesics includes deliberate gestures and other movements which might not be deliberate, such as stroking the chin, slumping, facial expressions, eye movement or body language. Please note that laughing, sighing, pausing, stroking the chin, or eye movement may be nothing other than what it seems. In order to be classified as non-verbal communication, the action must be a communication whether deliberate or non-deliberate. Some gestures might be perfectly acceptable in one culture and highly offensive in another. A television mini-series in 1986 entitled, On Wings of Eagles showed the daring rescue of some EDS executives held hostages in Iran. The man responsible for getting them out of Teheran told them, We need to get a ride, but do not stick out your thumb because that is an insulting gesture. The V sign can mean victory (as from Winston Churchill; it can mean peace, as with the 1960s peaceniks; or it can also be an insulting gesture in some European countries. Shifty-eyed is a label we would put on some gangster or someone not to be trusted. You can probably identify a number of other kinesics examples that add meaning or contradict meaning. Proxemics is communicating by space. Middle Eastern people prefer to get very close while communicating, but most westerners prefer a certain distance between themselves and the fellow communicator. Can you imagine what would happen if two people from these two cultures were trying to communicate and neither was aware of the proxemics preference of the other? Objective 5. Describe several ways you can improve your communications through using or not using non-verbal means. How Non-verbal Communication Helps How important is facial expression and eye contact in communication? You probably have heard the phrase, He can lie to you while he is looking you in the eye. It implies that the person is a skilled liar and that normally if a person is lying, he wont look you in the eye. Alternately, when someone says, I looked him in the eye and told him what I thought, that means he had the boldness to say what he really thought. Looking people in the eye is important because it conveys honesty and openness. Did you know that only 7% of your message is conveyed by words, while 38% is conveyed by your tone, and a whopping 55% is conveyed by body language. Did you know you cant turn your transmitter off? Even if you try not to communicate non-verbally, you are still communicating non-verbally. Read the document entitled, How to Understand Woman Talk. This is a set of hilarious definitions about how women communicate with men with paralanguage. You dont need to respond to this assignment; I just thought you would enjoy a good example of non-verbal communication. Recall our discussion of emotional intelligence in Module 1. The same general principle applies to improving communication by being aware of our non-verbal communication. If you are aware of what messages you might be sending, you can correct, delete, strengthen, or alter the message to suit your needs. I have been challenged in a meeting by a colleague who said, I can see by his facial expression that Tommy does not agree with this, but if he will hear me out, he may understand how my ideas will work. By the same thinking, if you can read non-verbal communication, you might know when to push or when to back off. Skilled negotiators know this very well, and you can gain an advantage in knowing what the other person is saying in addition to his words. Objective 6. Describe various ways to improve communications with superiors, subordinates, and peers. There is a concept called 3-D communication which describes how you communicate up, down, and sideways, that is, to superiors, subordinates, and peers. Consider the difference: Many people speak with a different style and a different tone depending on whether the receiver is a superior, subordinate, or peer. It seems reasonable to speak with respect to your superiors, but consider what would happen if you used the same degree of respect when you are communicating with subordinates Some wise person has said that one of your jobs is to keep your bosss boss off your bosss back. That is true enough and it is good advice. Here is a valuable tip that can enhance your relationship to your boss when you take a problem to your boss: State the problem. Provide some options. Make a recommendation about which option you recommend. Ask for his suggestions. Look what this process does: It shows respect for the boss by keeping him informed about the situation. It brags on you because it shows you have done your homework and you are not just being a whiny baby complaining to the boss. It shows your insight regarding a possible solution and your assertiveness in recommending it. At the same time, it shows respect for the boss by acknowledging the possibility that he might have a better idea or preference. Avoid Sarcasm Don Rickles has made a fortune by being sarcastic, but aside from him, no one benefits from sarcasm. Sarcasm is designed to hurt the other person. It serves no useful purpose, but it does inhibit communication by straining relationships unnecessarily. I cannot overemphasize the importance of respect and courtesy in communicating with others Objective 7. Describe the importance of feedback and how to cultivate it. DuBrin (10th edition, page 66) defines feedback as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the message sent back from the receiver to the sender. That is a good, workable definition, but it is also limited. Certainly the idea of feedback implies sending something back, but you can get feedback on the quality of your work or someones idea of a new procedure. Even though different definitions exist about feedback, its importance cannot be denied. How do you give and receive feedback? Ask for it. This assumes that you have a relationship with the people from whom you are requesting feedback that they feel. Provide for it and be sensitive to it. Sometimes feedback is subtle; an employee might not be as friendly and as open as normal and you may suspect that some feedback is lurking in there somewhere so you may have to go back to #1. React honestly but diplomatically. Thats the dumbest thing I ever heard, will probably not get you the Supervisor of the Year Award. Listen to the feedback. It may be dumb, but you should not allow the employee to know you think that. Express appreciation and act on it. This does not mean that you must satisfy the employees desire, but it does mean you must do something and let the employee know. If you cant do anything, then also let the employee know that as well. Objective 8. Explain the term grapevine and distinguish it from rumor. The grapevine is an informal communications network. As a manager, you should not try to kill the it because you cant; and besides, it provides a good release of tension. Good or bad, grapevine is most active when formal communications are not forthcoming. You have probably experienced the grapevine via your e-mail. A large number of interesting things are spread indiscriminately that may have some truth, but to a large extent are not nearly as wonderful or as catastrophic as they first appear. I saw one recently about a giant oil and gas reserve in western North Dakota that was supposed to solve our energy need for the next 40 years, but the environmentalists have blocked its development. It turns out there is a oil reserve there, but it is not nearly as expansive as the grapevine had it. It wasnt a trillion barrels; it is more like 3-4 billion barrels and that amount would curtail imports for about one year./p> Rumor is different from the grapevine. Rumor is unsubstantiated hearsay and it does get put on the grapevine. Rumor has several characteristics: It is usually interesting Its source not identifiable and it is unverifiable It is somewhat ambiguous It usually has an element of truth What to do about rumor? Dont pass it along. Check it out. Provide honest and open communication. http://www.analytictech.com/mb119/grapevine-article.htm Susan Heathfield is a management consultant with strong credentials in corporate communications. She offers the following recommendations about rumor and gossip: Expect a certain amount of gossip; people want to know what is going on in their workplace, and they like to discuss work issues. The key is to know when the gossip is out-of-hand. You need to act if the gossip is: disrupting the work place and the business of work, hurting employees feelings, damaging interpersonal relationships, or injuring employee motivation and morale. If rumors and gossip seem to be rampant, you might want to look at them to see if there are recurring themes. It may be that you are not sharing enough information with them, or perhaps they dont trust you and are afraid to ask about important topics. Objective 9. Explain why listening is such a significant problem. Hearing is a physiological process involving sound transmission, nerves, the ears, and the smallest bones in the body: the ossicles, comprised of the malleus (the hammer), the incus (the anvil), and the stapes (the stirrup). Listening is a psychological process which requires focus as well as understanding, processing, and evaluation. Listening is work and many times we hear things, but we dont listen to them. You have heard the phrase, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in one ear and out the other? That is an example of hearing but not listening. Most people think they are good listeners, but a study has shown that a 10% listening effectiveness rate is not rare at all; 25% is common; and anyone who thinks he listens at a 60% effectiveness rate is fooling himself. Listening is the first thing children learn but it is the last thing taught, if at all. We emphasize reading and speaking in our schools, but listening skills traditionally have not been taught at all. That is changing somewhat because people are beginning to realize the importance of good listening skills. Have you ever met someone and five minutes later you couldnt remember his name? Sounds like a memory problem, doesnt it? It is not a memory problem, it is a listening problem. You were so intent on presenting a pleasing personality and putting the best foot forward that you didnt have any room left for listening. Actually, you do have the room, but you have to give it some concentration and focus on listening to the persons name. Discuss situations in which listening was not done properly and situations in which good listening skills paid off and report the best examples. Poor listening skills is one of the biggest problems in business and industry today. Poor listening causes low productivity, low morale, broken relationships with peers, subordinates, and bosses. Most of us listen at about a 25% level of effectiveness. Thats not very good. Even when we really try, the best we can do is about 60%. Listening is one of the most important things that any of us-workers, parents, bosses, whatever-can do to improve relationships and to get the job done. Do you like people? Other than a few soreheads, most of us would say yes. If you like people, then you need to like to listen. Even though you may be rushed, even though you think you may not have time to listen, listening is absolutely vital to getting the job done and maintaining relationships with your co-workers. Listening problems include the following: Listening is work and most of us are somewhat lazy. If you dont work at listening, you will not listen well. Having said that, you cannot work too hard or you will be concentrating so hard on listening that you will not listen well. Listening implies passivity and compliance to many people and they want to be in control. Sometimes our listening consists of grudgingly remaining silent until we get our turn to speak. Emotions get in the way of listening. When someone says something that pushes our hot button, we can become so charged up that we dont listen. Objective 10. Explain the process of active listening. You may have heard the term active listening which is the same thing as reflective listening. This concept is a listening tool and a human relations tool. Reflective listening is based on the idea that if people keep talking, sooner or later they will see the solution to their own problems. In addition to that, it helps both speaker and listener to be sure that what was spoken was the same as what was heard. The process works by the listener (the supervisor, perhaps?) listening carefully, then paraphrasing back to the speaker what he heard, or in some cases just asking for more information or clarification. Heres how it works: a team leader complains to the supervisor about his teams failure to follow through on their assignments. That bunch of dipsticks; they never do anything right. Sounds like youre pretty upset with them. You bet I am. I cant get them to follow instructions. What Im hearing is that they wont do what you tell them, is that right? Sometimes using reflective listening makes the speaker compare the reflection with what he said. That may require the speaker to revise his statement to more accurately reflect what he meant. Here are some typical reflective listening phrases: What Im hearing you say isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It sounds like you thinkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ So youre just wondering ifà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You sound really disappointed. Reflective listening should not be used to diagnose the problem or to offer solutions. Additionally the listener should not make interpretations as to what he thinks the speaker is saying. The only thing the listener should do is offer a paraphrase of what the speaker is saying. Objective 11. Describe the keys to effective listening. Find areas of interest. You should make a decision when you are listening to someone. Either that person has something to say that you need to know or perhaps you should leave if you can do it diplomatically. Judge content not delivery. Sometimes people are not as articulate or as organized in their communications as they should be. It might be important to overlook the delivery shortcomings and focus on the message being sent. Hold your fire. People can really set you off by pushing your hot buttons. As a disciplined listener, you can deliberately choose not to get angry and just continue to listen. That does not make you a doormat because you can deal with the issues in an assertive, yet tactful way when it comes your turn to speak. Listen for ideas, not just information. Could the words be hiding something important? Later we will discuss the hidden agenda; and how you can deal with it. Work at listening. As we discussed earlier, listening is work and we need to know how much work to put into the job of listening. Remember that listening is faster than speech. Most people speak at about 150 words per minute (WPM). You can easily listen to speech at 450 WPM or even more with no loss in comprehension. That leaves a time differential that allows you to daydream and perhaps lose the train of thought or you can use the extra time to compare what the other person is saying to what you know, identify advantages and disadvantages, and identify the big picture and the supporting facts. Share your experiences on listening in M2.2. Objective 12. Describe why the concept of the hidden agenda is so important in communication. A hidden agenda is a matter which a person cannot or will not bring up, but which is causes him to do certain things or not do certain things. Examples of hidden agenda President Bush has been accused of having a hidden agenda with respect to the Iraq war. His critics say the real agenda was his desire to invade Iraq and get rid of Saddam Hussein; or for some, the real agenda was to seize Iraqs oil assets for the United States. The agenda he presented to the world was the imminent threat of Saddams weapons of mass destruction. Con artists are masters of hidden agenda; they gain your confidence and try to convince you that they are your friend, that they want to help you, but the real agenda is to steal your money. During the Viet Nam War, a leader in the anti-war movement said, If the Viet Nam War did not exist, we would have had to invent it. The hidden agenda here is, We must have something to protest or we dont exist. How should you handle a hidden agenda? First, you have to suspect it is there. If there is evidence that what the person is telling you is not what they really want to tell you, you can reflect back what they are saying.

Ebonics Essay -- essays papers

Ebonics Ebonics, which stands for Ebony + Phonics is a new term that Linguistics use to describe Black Dialect or Black English or many of the other names that it has been given for more than 350 years. Ebonics is a "language" that is a combination of "proper English" and a combination of African languages. This combination pattern was formed on how certain words are pronounced such as, this and that, would be pronounced dis and dat in Ebonics. In most Ebonics words with the "Th." sound has an "D" sound. These are just some of the many patterns that were created when Africans were forced to learn the English language. History states that around 1619, during the slave trade, ships collected slaves not just from one nation but from many nations. Some Africans spoke different languages like Ibo, Yoruba and Hausa. They were then separated from each other and had to travel with people whom the could not understand. Captain William Smith (A slave ship owner) wrote, â€Å"There will be no more likelihood of their succeeding in a plot†(lee, 1994,msn). The slaves then had to learn English so that they could have some form of communication with their masters. Their native language and English would be combined and they would speak African-English pidgin. As the slaves began to learn how to communicate with each other, their words would merge into one common word that they could all understand. This is one of the ways that the language became mixed with English. When the African slaves had children they talked to them in African English pidgin. The slaves taught the children both languages so that they could communicate with the slave owners and to other slaves. As each generation went on the Africans began to speak bette... ...tion to generation. Ebonics has improved from the early 1600's to now but some of the improper English still stands today. Bibliography: Fisher, Julene E "Don't Be a Geek; Learn How Black English Has Enriched The Language" The Salt Lake Tribune www.MSN.com Internet (1996) Lee, Felicia R "Lingering Conflict in the Schools: Black Dialect vs. Standard Speech," The New York Times www.MSN.com Internet (1994) Lewis, Brian C. " Black English: Its History and Its Role in the Education Of Our Children" The Three Twelve Group www.MSN.com Internet (1996) North Carolina Discovers, The Origin of Black Folk Music Snow Camp Historical Drama Society (1994) Smitherman, Geneva, "Talkin and Testifyin†: The Language Of Black America. Detroit; Wayne State University (1986) Stoller, Paul ed. Black American English. New York; Dell Publishing (1975) www.MSN.com

Away and ‘Waiting on the world to change’ Essay

Change is a process, transition or alteration that affects all aspects of life and can affect attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. Michael Gow’s play ‘Away’ conflicts emotional, spiritual and mental change expressed through the characters along their journey of change. Gow has chosen characters such as Coral, Tom and Gwen to demonstrate the different types of changes that occur in the play ‘Away’. Gow uses techniques such as Intertextuality, allusion, structure, stage direction and symbolism to present the transformations the characters experience. In the song ‘Waiting on the world to change’ composed by John Myer, change is demonstrated through the reference of war and the hope of a change in future. Myer uses poetic techniques and symbolism to show the changes presented in the song. Change can take many forms and has a range of effects on those who experience it. Emotional change is displayed through both texts although it is displayed through Gow’s play ‘Away’ more so than in Myer’s song. Gow presents emotional change demonstrated by the Character coral. The emotional breakdown experienced by Coral due to her son’s death showed the audience her inability to function normally. Her journey is about an emotional recovery as she lost her social identity and struggles to find connection with others as she â€Å"can’t find anything to say† (Act 2, scene 2). Coral learns to symbolically ‘walk again’ and reconnect with the living world and accepts that there is life and death. Change can take many forms and has a range of effects on those who experience it. The use of Intertextuality of a play with in a play represents the life of the characters. Coral’s ‘Stranger at the shore’ symbolises Coral’s internal change and it shows that she has overcome her emotional, mental and spiritual conflicts and her character has encountered transformation. â€Å"I’m walking, I’m walking† Coral says in the ‘stranger at the shore’ at the end of the play which symbolises her internal change and the acceptance of her son’s death. Similarly, the sense of emotional change expressed through the lyrics in John Myer’s song is helplessness as he sings â€Å"It’s hard to beat  the system, when we’re standing at a distance.† John Myer is expressing frustration through emotive language in the fact that he alone cannot change the world to a more positive place. Change can take many forms and has a range of effects on those who experience it. Spiritual change was explored through the character of Tom in Gow’s play ‘Away’ as he demonstrates to his parents that he is aware of his approaching death and he accepts his fate. This is shown through the intertextuality technique of a play within a play and it acts as a symbolic metaphor used to represent the life of the character and an insight of what will happen to them as the play continues. As Tom becomes more accepting of his illness, his character demonstrates spiritual changes. Gow uses the structure of the play to the advantage of displaying Tom’s spiritual change throughout the play as not everything is revealed at once, keeping the audience engaged. When Tom’s illness is revealed, it inspires other characters such as Gwen, to encounter change also. When Gwen is informed of Tom’s illness, her thoughts of him change and in turn her personality towards others changed also. The reality of Tom’s death alters the perspectives of the characters and their encounter spiritual change in the way that they learn to appreciate the value of the present, but also to know where they are heading. It can be seen that change can take many forms and has a range of effects on those who experience it. Gow uses Gwen’s character to display mental change. At the beginning of the play Gwen is highly critical of Tom, unaware of his condition. Her change can be demonstrated through her dialogue as at the beginning of the play it shows negativity and seen as a source of conflict which changes to caring and of value. â€Å"This case won’t close† is an example of the attitude and conflict that Gwen was expressing before her character encountered change. Her change in attitude and perspective made her realise what she has is of real value. The techniques that present Gwens lack of self-understanding are stage props. In act 4, scene 2, the Bex she refers to was used as a remedy for what she can’t cope with. Later on Gwen rejects the prop of Bex and tries to come to terms with her new self. The turning point of Gwens change is the knowledge of Tom’s illness. Stage directions such as the miming in act 5, scene 1 where no dialogue was used to the reconciliation taking place between characters such as Coral and Roy and Gwen and her family. The relationship between Gwen and her family after her changes becomes closer as Gwen shows them affection. An example of this would be the difference in reactions when Gwen received her Christmas presents. She was affectionate and thankful, showing her character’s change by comparing that to her previous reaction when Jim ‘forgot’ the presents at home. Changes can take many forms and has a range of effects on those who experience it. Gow uses allusion in his play ‘Away’ which helps to present conventional meanings about the concept of change to the audience, achieved through the use of Shakespearean texts. It is a stage direction as the fairies in the opening scene symbolise a storm which refers to the internal conflict within the characters and the consequences of their individual changes just like a storm creates changes after it has occurred. The storm is a necessary destruction that brings the characters together on a ‘magical’ beach to be restored and reconciled. The characters at this point have all experienced change and the storm is a catalyst of their transformation. Upon coming home after the family holidays, the play completes a full circle by ending the play where it started. As the play completed a full circle, so have the characters that have undergone a total transformation in outlook by the end of the play. Shown through Gow’s play ‘Away’, changes can take many forms and has a range of effects on those who experience it. Alternatively, ideas of change presented in the Myer’s text/clip are different to those shown in ‘Away’. Ideas of change presented are that change is gradual and takes time. The composer’s attitude towards change is that its affects may not be immediate and this is expressed through the repetition of the phrase ‘waiting’. The repetition emphasises the need for time as well as hope that change will come one day. It serves as an indication that change is gradual and this reflects on the message being expressed by Myer. In order for change to occur, Myer expresses that a change of attitude and perspectives is needed. â€Å"We see everything that’s  going wrong with the world and those who lead it.† These lyrics assist in conveying the composer’s message that people don’t have the right attitudes or contributions to make a change. It can be seen that change can take many forms and has a range of effects on those who ex perience it. Change is clearly expressed through both texts and provides similar values or concepts in encountering change. Coral’s mental and emotional state is overcome by the acceptance of her son’s death while Tom and Gwen present spiritual and mental change when the reality of Tom’s condition has been recognised. Gow presented change through techniques such as symbolism, structure, stage directions, allusions and intertextuality. John Myer’s text resembles change with the use of poetic techniques and symbolism. The song displays the hopefulness and determination for a changing future. Both texts use techniques to show the change encountered and both focus on the value of change. As it if evident in both texts, change can take many forms and has a range of effect on those who experience it.

What is Mercury essays

What is Mercury essays As anyone who's ever broken a thermometer can attest, mercury is a fascinating substance. It also has an interesting history. Named after the fleet-footed Roman messenger of the gods, mercury has been used for more than 2,000 years. Mercury ore cinnabar has even been found smeared on Neolithic skulls. Its first recorded mention is a reference by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., a time when the silvery-white, heavy metal was used in religious ceremonies. Spanish miners used mercury to process gold ore for ancient Rome; when their mercury supply ran out, gold production dropped and set in motion the decline of the Roman Empire. Today mercury poses a serious threat, this time environmental. Human beings around the world cause mercury to enter the atmosphere primarily when they burn coal or incinerate waste. Studies from Sweden and Florida suggest that mercury also evaporates from landfills, but only 0.0001 per cent. Groundwater contamination from old dumps is of concern but combustion is the major path via which mercury pollutes the globe. Mercury rarely exists in a free state in nature; it's recovered from red mercuric sulphide in geologically recent volcanic rocks. The world inventory of mined mercury is estimated at 600,000 tonnes, stored mostly in states of the former Soviet Union. (Mercury has not been mined in Canada since 1975.) Scientists estimate that man-made mercury releases are two- to four times greater than those of nature. The typical mercury content of lakes has increased up to sevenfold since industrialization. Acid rain dissolves lake-rock and releases mercury to water. (Granite contains about 0.2 p/m mercury.) With a melting point of minus 38.87C, metallic or elemental mercury (the form used in thermometers) readily vaporizes and can be transported long distances. The vaporization rate of mercury doubles with every 10C temperature increase and its residence time in the atmosphere i ...

The benefits and the potential problems associated with prescription drugs being advertised

The benefits and the potential problems associated with prescription drugs being advertised Introduction The high level of competition and diversity in the modern world has resulted to almost all commodities being highly publicized. In the past, knowledge about prescription drugs was only possible in medical literatures like in medical books, journals or in hospital.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The benefits and the potential problems associated with prescription drugs being advertised specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advertisement of prescription drugs was rare with the only form of advertisement being placards placed inside the various health centers. However, the world has become more capitalistic in nature, competition has affected all areas of the society and the medical field has not been spared either. The advertisement of prescription drugs has had both essential benefits and potential risks (Sheehan, 2011). First, the media industry has revolutionized with the masses mainly relying on the mass m edia for whatever sort of news. The media has been highly regarded and trusted to provide authentic, well-researched, and detailed news. The manufacturers of prescription drugs have taken this advantage to advertise their merchandise. The high level of advertisement has popularized these drugs and the public have become to regard them as any other drugs. The purchase of the prescription drugs has increased with people buying them like the normal over-the-counter drugs (Thompson, 2009). Problems of prescription drugs being advertised The purchase of prescription drugs has thus been abused. These drugs are restricted by legislation and requires the authorization of a qualified personnel especially a medical practitioner. Their advertisement has made people to overlook this requirement and the usage of these drugs has gone up of which this type of usage is usually not authorized (Schneider, 2011). People are thus exposed to dangers posed by these drugs; some diseases have been reported to be persistent since the dosage taken is not in the right manner. As a result the treatment of certain ailments have been jeopardized since people are no longer seeking the advice of medical practitioners rather they are buying what they think is the right treatment drugs over the counter (Wexler, 2007). Unlawful business enterprises have taken advantage of this situation to produce counterfeit drugs, which are then finding their ways into the market. This has put the public health at risk. In several instances, buying prescription drugs without the approval of the relevant authority has resulted to overdose or drug misuse. As a result, several individuals have been overwhelmed by the overdose poisoning some even losing their lives.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Benefits of prescription drugs being advertised On the other hand, the advertisement of prescription d rugs has made the public to be aware of the various cures for various diverse ailments. People are able to visit a doctor for further information and directives (Goldberg Easton, 2006). Visiting the doctor has facilitated regular medical check up on individuals. The health status of the society has thus been boosted, since the advertisements categorically insist the need to seek medical advice. The advertisement of prescription drugs also enables the public to know which drugs need the consultancy of a medical practitioner as stated by the advertisement. In the contemporary modern world, the pharmacy industry has been flooded with unqualified people posing as pharmacists. Once a person goes to seek advice from them, they sell to the individual the prescription drugs yet they have no qualification to do so. Advertisement of these drugs enables the public to distinguish the over-the-counter drugs and prescription drugs and they are thus able to discern when unauthorized drugs are bei ng sold to them (Edlin Golantry, 2010). Reference List Edlin, G., and Golantry, E. (2010). Health and Wellness. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett publishers Goldberg, R., and Easton, T. (2006). Taking Sides: clashing views on controversial issues in drugs and society. New York: Dushkin Publishers. Schneider, M. (2011). Introduction to public health. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett publishers Sheehan, K. (2004). Controversies in contemporary advertising. Thousand Oaks: Sage PublicationsAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on The benefits and the potential problems associated with prescription drugs being advertised specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thompson, PDR. (2009) PDR pocket guide to prescription drugs, 9th Edition. New York: Simon Shuster Wexler, B. (2007). The Health Care System. New York: Thomson Gale